To start transforming Europe into a highly energy-efficient, low-carbon economy, EU leaders have committed to cutting emissions by at least 20 per cent independently of what other countries decide to do. To underpin these commitments, they set three key targets to be met by 2020: a 20% reduction in energy consumption compared with projected trends; an increase to 20% in renewable energies’ share of total energy consumption; and an increase to 10% in the share of petrol and diesel consumption from sustainably-produced biofuels. The package of climate and energy-related legislative proposals was proposed by the European Commission to implement these commitments and targets.
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The Climate action and renewable energy package, Europe’s climate change opportunity
On 23 January 2008 the European Commission put forward a far-reaching package of proposals that will deliver on the European Union’s ambitious commitments to fight climate change and promote renewable energy up to 2020 and beyond. In December 2008 the European Parliament and Council reached an agreement on the package that will help transform Europe into a low-carbon economy and increase its energy security.
The EU is committed to reducing its overall emissions to at least 20% below 1990 levels by 2020, and is ready to scale up this reduction to as much as 30% under a new global climate change agreement when other developed countries make comparable efforts. It has also set itself the target of increasing the share of renewables in energy use to 20% by 2020.
The “Climate action and renewable energy package” sets out the contribution expected from each Member State to meeting these targets and proposes a series of measures to help achieve them.
Central to the strategy is a strengthening and expansion of the Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), the EU’s key tool for cutting emissions cost-effectively. Emissions from the sectors covered by the system will be cut by 21% by 2020 compared with levels in 2005. A single EU-wide cap on ETS emissions will be set, and free allocation of emission allowances will be progressively replaced by auctioning of allowances by 2020.
Emissions from sectors not included in the EU ETS such as transport, housing, agriculture and waste will be cut by 10% from 2005 levels by 2020. Each Member State will contribute to this effort according to its relative wealth, with national emission targets ranging from -20% for richer Member States to +20% for poorer ones.
The national renewable energy targets proposed for each Member State will contribute to achieving emissions reductions and will also decrease the European Union’s dependence on foreign sources of energy. These include a minimum 10% share for biofuels in petrol and diesel by 2020. The package also sets out sustainability criteria that biofuels will have to meet to ensure they deliver real environmental benefits.
The package also seeks to promote the development and safe use of carbon capture and storage (CCS), a suite of technologies that allows the carbon dioxide emitted by industrial processes to be captured and stored underground where it cannot contribute to global warming. Revised guidelines on state aid for environmental protection will enable governments to support CCS demonstration plants.
Source: European Commission
