EU pharma legislation set for major reform
Stella Kyriakides - Photo © European Union 2023
(BRUSSELS) - The Commission proposed Wednesday the largest reform of EU pharmaceutical legislation in over 20 years - with the aims of promoting innovation and ensuring patient access to affordable medicines.
The revision will make pharmaceutical legislation more agile and flexible, says the EU executive, and will support innovation and boost the competitiveness and attractiveness of the EU pharmaceutical industry, while promoting higher environmental standards.
The Commission is also proposing a Council Recommendation to step up the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
According to the Commission, medicines authorised in the EU are still not reaching patients quickly enough and are not equally accessible in all EU states. There are significant gaps in addressing unmet medical needs, rare diseases and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). High prices for innovative treatments and shortages of medicines remain an important concern for patients and healthcare systems. In addition, to ensure that the EU remains an attractive place for investment and a world leader in the development of medicines, it needs to adapt its rules to the digital transformation and new technologies, whilst cutting red tape and simplifying procedures. Finally, the new rules need to address the environmental impact of medicine production in line with the objectives of the European Green Deal.
The revision includes proposals for a new Directive and a new Regulation, which revise and replace the existing pharmaceutical legislation, including the legislation on medicines for children and for rare diseases. It aims to achieve the following main objectives:
- Create a Single Market for medicines ensuring that all patients across the EU have timely and equitable access to safe, effective, and affordable medicines;
- Continue to offer an attractive and innovation-friendly framework for research, development, and production of medicines in Europe;
- Reduce drastically the administrative burden by speeding up procedures significantly, reducing authorisation times for medicines, so they reach patients faster;
- Enhance availability and ensure medicines can always be supplied to patients, regardless of where they live in the EU;
- Address antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment through a One Health approach;
- Make medicines more environmentally sustainable.
To achieve these objectives, the reform addresses the entire lifecycle of medicines.
Key elements of the proposal:
- Better access to innovative and affordable medicines for patients and national health systems: new incentives will encourage companies to make their medicines available to patients in all EU countries and develop products that address unmet medical needs. Furthermore, earlier availability of generic and biosimilar medicines will be facilitated, and market authorisation procedures simplified. Measures for greater transparency of public funding of medicines development will be introduced and the generation of comparative clinical data will be incentivised.
- Promoting innovation and competitiveness through an efficient and simplified regulatory framework: the reform will create an innovation-friendly regulatory environment for the development of new medicines and the repurposing of existing ones. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) will provide better early regulatory and scientific support for developers of promising medicines to facilitate the fast approval and help SMEs and non-profit developers. The scientific evaluation and authorisation of medicines will be sped up (e.g., EMA authorisation procedures will take 180 days, helping reduce the current average of around 400 days) and the regulatory burden will be reduced through simplified procedures (e.g., by abolishing in most cases marketing authorisation renewal and introducing simpler procedures for generic medicines) and digitisation (e.g., electronic submissions of applications and electronic product information). The highest quality, safety, and efficacy standards for the authorisation of medicines will be maintained.
- Effective incentives for innovation: regulatory protection of up to a maximum of 12 years for innovative medicines, combined with the existing intellectual property rights, will ensure Europe remains an attractive hub for investment and innovation. To create a single market for medicines, the reform will move the current system away from its 'one-size-fits-all' regulatory protection towards a more effective incentives framework for innovation that also promotes public health interests. To achieve this, it proposes a minimum period of regulatory protection of 8 years that can be extended in the following cases: if medicines are launched in all Member States, if they address unmet medical needs, if comparative clinical trials are conducted, or if a new therapeutic indication is developed. The combination of the existing intellectual property rights and the new regulatory protection periods will also safeguard the EU's competitive edge in pharmaceutical development, one of the most protective world-wide. The reform will drive efforts so that research and development will focus on the patients' greatest needs and there is more timely and equitable patient access to medicines across the EU.
- Addressing shortages of medicines and ensuring security of supply: the reform introduces new requirements for monitoring of shortages of medicines by national authorities and EMA and a stronger coordination role for EMA. Obligations on companies will be strengthened, including earlier reporting of shortages and withdrawals of medicines and development and maintenance of shortage prevention plans. An EU-wide list of critical medicines will be established, and supply chain vulnerabilities of these medicines will be assessed, with specific recommendations on measures to be taken by companies and other supply chain stakeholders. In addition, the Commission can adopt legally binding measures to strengthen security of supply of specific critical medicines.
- Stronger protection of the environment: better enforcement of current environmental requirements will limit the potential negative consequences of medicines on the environment and public health.
- Tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR): AMR is considered one of the top three health threats in the EU. The reform offers incentives through transferable vouchers to companies that invest in novel antimicrobials that can treat resistant pathogens, addressing the current market failure. Measures and targets for prudent use of antimicrobials, including adapted packaging and prescription requirement, will also be introduced to keep the antimicrobials effective.
EU actions to combat AMR
Antimicrobials are crucial medicines. However, over the years, their overuse and misuse have led to increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR), meaning that antimicrobials lose their effectiveness, and it becomes more difficult, if not impossible, to treat infections. Therefore, today's package also includes a proposal for a Council Recommendation containing complementary measures to combat AMR in the fields of human health, animal health and the environment, through the so-called One Health approach.
The proposal supports the prudent use of antimicrobials, recommending concrete and measurable targets to reduce their use and promote high levels of infection prevention, notably in hospitals, and control in the area of human health. The proposal also improves public awareness, education and training of relevant professionals and fosters cooperation between stakeholders from all relevant sectors.
Recommended targets were designed with the support of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and take into account national situations (different levels of antimicrobial consumption, spread of key resistant pathogens across the Member States). They also allow better monitoring of progress in the coming years.
In addition, the proposal will boost national One Health action plans on AMR, foster research and innovation, reinforce surveillance and monitoring of AMR and antimicrobial consumption, enhance global actions, contribute to the design of an EU multi-country financial incentive to improve access to antimicrobials and incentivise the development of other AMR medical countermeasures such as vaccines and rapid diagnostics.
EU's pharmaceutical legislation
Revision of EU pharmaceutical legislation - guide
Council Recommendation on stepping up EU actions to combat AMR in a One Health approach - guide
Factsheet on putting patients in the centre
Factsheet on driving innovation for pharmaceutical industry
Factsheet on tackling antimicrobial resistance